Historical trigger frequency from 122-day 2024 monsoon dataset. Weighted highest per NDMA Urban Flood Guidelines 2010, which identify historical frequency as the primary flood predictor.
Average hotspot capacity deficit per ward. Per CWC 2023 Delhi Flood Case Study, drainage congestion was identified as the second-largest flood amplifier in the July 2023 disaster.
SRTM v4.1 mean ward elevation. Wards below 210 m (Yamuna floodplain zone) carry highest risk. Source: CIAT SRTM Version 4.1, Jarvis et al. 2008.
Count of hospitals, fire stations, substations within 2 km of ward centroid. Sourced from OpenStreetMap (871 hospitals, 40 fire stations, 324 substations).
Model tested against the July 2023 Delhi flood using NRSC satellite inundation data and CWC discharge records. Reference flooded wards derived from NRSC 2023 flood inundation mapping. Precision, recall, and F1 scores computed against this reference dataset.